The right to be heard under Art. 113(1) EPC requires that those involved be given an opportunity not only to present comments (on the facts and considerations pertinent to the decision) but also to have those comments considered, that is, reviewed with respect to their relevance for the decision on the matter (see, with regard to Art. 112a EPC, chapter V.B.4.3.10 "Consideration of the parties' arguments in the written decision" and, with regard to R. 111(2) EPC, chapter III.K.3.4. "Reasons for the decision"). However, it is not necessary to consider each and every argument of the parties in detail in a decision. The boards may also refute arguments implicitly, and may disregard irrelevant arguments (R 5/15).